The River Kelvin in Glasgow |
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (better known simply as Lord Kelvin), OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, lived from 26 June to 17 December He was a noted physicist and engineer. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline.
William Thomson was born in Belfast, the son of James Thomson, a teacher of mathematics and engineering at Royal Belfast Academical Institution. His older brother was (also) James Thomson, who became a significant engineer and physicist in his own right. In the family moved to Glasgow, where his father has been appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Glasgow. William Thomson became a student at Glasgow University before, in , going to Peterhouse College in Cambridge. Here he excelled in mathematics and physics, as well as in a number of sports, especially sculling.
In , Thomson did much to support the work of Michael Faraday on electric induction, leading to the discovery of the Faraday effect, which established that light and electromagnetic phenomena were related. The following year, at the age of
Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) Biografia, Contribuições, Frases
William Thomson, Lord Kelvin () foi um inventor e físico da nacionalidade britânica, que se destacou na disciplina termodinâmica. Thomson dedicou -se a estudar a conservação de energia, bem como a equivalência entre trabalho e calor. Da mesma forma, ele determinou a escala de temperatura absoluta, atualmente conhecida como escala Kelvin.
Além disso, Lord Kelvin dedicou -se a projetar uma série de invenções que influenciaram notoriamente o desenvolvimento da telegráfica; Ele até conseguiu calcular o zero absoluto e determinou a segunda lei da termodinâmica. Por esse motivo, ele é considerado um dos cientistas que mais colaboraram com a modernização da física durante o século
Os autores José A. Manzanares e María Amparo Gilabert, em seu texto Meu clássico favorito: William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Eles afirmam que Lord Kelvin era um pesquisador generalista que favoreceu o desenvolvimento científico com experimentos, teorias e instrumentos em várias áreas, mostrando um grande domínio no uso de analogias e uma intuição notável para entender os fenômenos físicos.
Da mesma forma, esses autores
Scottish mathematician and physicist who contributed to many branches of physics. He was known for his self-confidence, and as an undergraduate at Cambridge he thought himself the sure "Senior Wrangler" (the name given to the student who scored highest on the Cambridge mathematical Tripos exam). After taking the exam he asked his servant, "Oh, just run down to the Senate House, will you, and see who is Second Wrangler." The servant returned and informed him, "You, sir!" (Campbell and Higgens, p. 98, ). Another example of his hubris is provided by his statement "heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible" (Australian Institute of Physics), followed by his statement, "I have not the smallest molecule of faith in aerial navigation other than ballooningI would not care to be a member of the Aeronautical Society." Kelvin is also known for an address to an assemblage of physicists at the British Association for the advancement of Science in in which he stated, "There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement." A similar s
Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson)
KELVIN, LORD (WILLIAM THOMSON) (–), British scientist.
The fourth child of James and Margaret Thomson, William Thomson was born in Belfast. His mathematician father taught at the Belfast Academical Institution, well known for its political and religious radicalism. His mother, who came from a Glasgow commercial family, died when William was six. In his father was offered the chair of mathematics at the University of Glasgow and there continued to exert a profound influence on the education of his children. William enjoyed a broad philosophical curriculum at Glasgow but left without taking a degree in order to enter Peterhouse, Cambridge, as an undergraduate. Following several years of intensive mathematical study he emerged second in the "Mathematics Tripos," the intensely competitive examinations that ranked final-year students in order of mathematical merit. Enhancing his experimental skills in Paris, he was elected in as Glasgow University professor of natural philosophy, a post from which he retired in
In a scientific paper written when he was seventeen, Thomson used Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier's (–) mathematical treatment of heat flow
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