Emma Goldman once referred to Voltairine De Cleyre as, “The most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced.”
Voltairine De Cleyre was born in Michigan in and was named after the French Enlightenment writer Voltaire. She grew up experiencing poverty and then was forced to live in a Catholic convent by her father, who thought it would provide a better education for her. Life at the convent did have a positive effect, but not the one that her father had hoped for. What Voltairine developed was not only a critical understanding of the world, she would also eventually identify as an atheist because of the oppressive nature of the Catholic education.
By the early s she moved to the Grand Rapids area and eventually to Grand Rapids and was active in the anti-clerical, Free Thought Movement. Voltairine soon began writing for various publications and exploring other political disciplines. However, it was the Haymarket uprising in Chicago in that finally brought her to embrace anarchism. More specifically, it was the hanging of the Haymarket Martyrs in , that solidified her belief and commitment in political anarchism.
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Essays by Voltairine de Cleyre:
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;Secular Education,&#; The Truth Seeker 14 no. 49 (December 3, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, The Drama of the Nineteenth Century, Pittsburgh : R. Staley and Co.,
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;Pennsylvania Conventions and Ohio Workers,&#; The Truth Seeker 15 no. 12 (March 24, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;The Quaker City,&#; The Truth Seeker 15 no. 30 (July 28, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;In a Marble Tomb,&#; The Truth Seeker 15 no. 31 (August 4, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;State, Nature and Art,&#; The Truth Seeker 15 no. 32 (August 11, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, &#;Kent and Cleveland,&#; The Truth Seeker 15 no. 32 (September 22, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, “The Economic Tendency of Freethought,” Liberty 6, no. 25 (February 15, ):
- Voltairine de Cleyre, “From Still Another Point of View,” Fair Play 2 no. 17 (May 10, ): 6.
- Voltairine de Cleyre, [letter to Moses Harman], Lucifer the Light-bearer, New Series, 7 no. 41 (March 21, ): 3. (note on page 2)
- Voltairine De Cleyre, “The Woman’s National Liberty Union,” The Boston Investigator 59 no. 52 (April 02, ): 2.
- Voltairine de Cleyre, “Mechanics and Va
Courte biographie de Voltairine de Cleyre
Pour rédiger ce bref résumé de la vie de Voltairine de Cleyre, Chris Crass s'est surtout servi du livre de Paul Avrich, inédit en français à ce jour. C'est pourquoi cet ouvrage est cité fréquemment dans le texte ci-dessous. Certains passages étant repris dans l'article suivant du même auteur ("Traditions américaines et défi anarchiste"), nous avons conservé uniquement ce qui concernait la vie de Voltairine, en indiquant les coupes effectuées. Ceux qui désirent consulter le texte intégral, en anglais, le trouveront sur le site -anarcha-feminism).
Voltairine de Cleyre est née le 17 novembre à Leslie, dans le Michigan. Libre-penseur, son père admire beaucoup Voltaire, notamment sa critique de la religion, ce qui explique le choix du prénom de sa fille. Le grand-père maternel de Voltairine avait défendu des positions abolitionnistes et participé au "chemin de fer souterrain" (à la filière clandestine) qui aidait les esclaves à fuir jusqu'au Canada. Quant au père de Voltairine, lui-même, il avait émigré de France et était un artisan socialiste et libre-penseur. Il travaille de très longues heures
Luminist Archives
&#;Nature has the habit of now and then producing a type of human being far in advance of the times; an ideal for us to emulate; a being devoid of sham, uncompromising, and to whom the truth is sacred; a being whose selfishness is so large that it takes the whole human race and treats self only as one of the great mass; a being keen to sense all forms of wrong, and powerful in denunciation of it; one who can reach in the future and draw it nearer. Such a being was Voltairine de Cleyre.&#;What could be added to this splendid tribute by Jay Fox to the memory of Voltairine de Cleyre?
The real biography of Voltairine de Cleyre is to be found in the letters she wrote to her comrades, friends and admires, for like many other women in public life, she was a voluminous writer.
Born shortly after the close of the Civil War, she witnessed during her life the most momentous transformation of the nation; she saw the change from an agricultural community into an industrial empire; the tremendous development of capital in this country with the accompanying misery and degradation of labor. Her life path was sketched when she reached the age of womanhood; she
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